Home

Independent Component Analysis (ICA)

Independent Component Analysis (.pdf)

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a computational method from statistics and signal processing which is a special case of blind source separation. ICA seeks to separate a multivariate signal into additive subcomponents supposing the mutual statistical independence of the non-Gaussian source signals. The general framework of ICA was introduced in the early 1980s (Hérault and Ans 1984; Ans, Hérault and Jutten 1985; Hérault, Jutten and Ans 1985), but was most clearly stated by Pierre Comon in 1994 (Comon 1994). For a good text, see Hyvärinen, Karhunen and Oja (2001).

Links

• Wikipedia: Independent component analysis

Bibliography

• ANEM�LLER, J., T.J. SEJNOWSKI and S. MAKEIG, 2003. Complex independent component analysis of frequency-domain electroencephalographic data. Neural Networks. [Cited by 57] (11.03/year)
• ARFANAKIS, K., et al., 2000. Combining independent component analysis and correlation analysis to probe interregional …. Magnetic resonance imaging. [Cited by 62] (7.59/year)
• ASANO, F., et al., 2003. Combined approach of array processing and independent component analysis for blind separation of …. Speech and Audio Processing, IEEE Transactions on. [Cited by 67] (12.97/year)
• BACH, F.R. and M.I. JORDAN, 2003. Kernel independent component analysis. The Journal of Machine Learning Research. [Cited by 404] (78.19/year)
• BACK, A.D. and A.S. WEIGEND, 1997. A First Application of Independent Component Analysis to Extracting Structure from Stock Returns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS. [Cited by 110] (9.85/year)
• BAE, K., S. NOH and J. KIM, 2003. Iris Feature Extraction Using Independent Component Analysis. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE. [Cited by 37] (7.16/year)
• BARROS, A.K., A. MANSOUR and N. OHNISHI, 1998. Removing artifacts from electrocardiographic signals using independent components analysis. Neurocomputing. [Cited by 52] (5.11/year)
• BARTLETT, M.S. and T.J. SEJNOWSKI, 1997. Viewpoint Invariant Face Recognition using Independent Component Analysis and Attractor Networks. ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS. [Cited by 75] (6.72/year)
• BARTLETT, M.S., J.R. MOVELLAN and T.J. SEJNOWSKI, 2002. Face recognition by independent component analysis. Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on. [Cited by 367] (59.51/year)
• BAYLISS, J.D., J.A. GUALTIERI and R.F. CROMP, 1998. Analyzing hyperspectral data with independent component analysis. Proceedings of SPIE. [Cited by 39] (3.84/year)
• BECKMANN, C.F. and S.M. SMITH, 2004. Probabilistic independent component analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging. Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on. [Cited by 102] (24.48/year)
• BECKMANN, C.F., et al., 2005. Investigations into resting-state connectivity using independent component analysis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: …. [Cited by 52] (16.42/year)
• BINGHAM, E. and A. HYVARINEN, 2000. A Fast Fixed-Point Algorithm for Independent Component Analysis of Complex Valued Signals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS. [Cited by 167] (20.45/year)
• BISWAL, B.B. and J.L. ULMER, 1999. … Source Separation of Multiple Signal Sources of fMRI Data Sets Using Independent Component Analysis …. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. [Cited by 101] (11.02/year)
• BOSCOLO, R., H. PAN and V.P. ROYCHOWDHURY, 2004. Independent component analysis based on nonparametric density estimation. Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on. [Cited by 80] (19.20/year)
• BROWN, G.D., S. YAMADA and T.J. SEJNOWSKI, 2001. Independent component analysis at the neural cocktail party. Trends in Neurosciences. [Cited by 61] (8.51/year)
• CALHOUN, V.D., et al., 2001. Spatial and temporal independent component analysis of functional MRI data containing a pair of task …. Human Brain Mapping. [Cited by 121] (16.88/year)
• CALHOUN, V.D., et al., 2001. A method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis. Human Brain Mapping. [Cited by 101] (14.09/year)
• CALHOUN, V.D., et al., 2001. … Task: Network of Areas Detected Using the General Linear Model and Independent Components Analysis. Neuroimage. [Cited by 55] (7.67/year)
• CALLAN, D.E., et al., 2001. … contribution to speech perception revealed by independent component analysis: a single-sweep EEG …. Cognitive Brain Research. [Cited by 57] (7.95/year)
• CARDOSO, J.F. and P. CNRS, 1998. Multidimensional independent component analysis. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1998. ICASSP'98. …. [Cited by 164] (16.13/year)
• CARDOSO, J.F., 1999. High-Order Contrasts for Independent Component Analysis. Neural Computation. [Cited by 410] (44.73/year)
• CARDOSO, J.F., P. COMON and T. PARIS, 1996. Independent component analysis, a survey of some algebraic methods. Circuits and Systems, 1996. ISCAS'96.,'Connecting the World' …. [Cited by 56] (4.60/year)
• CHOI, S., A. CICHOCKI and S.I. AMARI, 2000. Flexible Independent Component Analysis. The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing. [Cited by 120] (14.69/year)
• COMON…, P., 1994. Independent component analysis, a new concept. Signal Processing. [Cited by 3530] (249.17/year)
• COMON, P., 1991. Independent component analysis. Proc. Int. Workshop on Higher-Order Stat., Chamrousse, …. [Cited by 127] (7.40/year)
• DE, L., B. DE and J. VANDEWALLE, 2000. An introduction to independent component analysis. Journal of Chemometrics. [Cited by 47] (5.75/year)
• DELORME, A. and S. MAKEIG, 2004. … source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. [Cited by 260] (62.39/year)
• D�NIZ, O., M. CASTRILL�N and M. HERN�NDEZ, 2003. Face recognition using independent component analysis and support vector machines. Pattern Recognition Letters. [Cited by 63] (12.19/year)
• ESPOSITO, F., et al., 2002. Spatial independent component analysis of functional MRI time-series: To what extent do results …. Human Brain Mapping. [Cited by 61] (9.89/year)
• EVERSON, R. and S. ROBERTS, 1999. Independent Component Analysis: A Flexible Nonlinearity and Decorrelating Manifold Approach. Neural Computation. [Cited by 61] (6.65/year)
• FARID, H. and E.H. ADELSON, 1999. Separating reflections from images by use of independent component analysis. Journal of the Optical Society of America A. [Cited by 60] (6.55/year)
• FRISTON, K.J., 1998. Modes or models: a critique on independent component analysis for fMRI. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. [Cited by 41] (4.03/year)
• GIROLAMI, M., 1998. An Alternative Perspective on Adaptive Independent Component Analysis Algorithms. Neural Computation. [Cited by 67] (6.59/year)
• GIROLAMI, M.A. and J.G. TAYLOR, 1999. Self-Organising Neural Networks: Independent Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation. Springer-Verlag London, UK. [Cited by 61] (6.65/year)
• HOJEN-SORENSEN, P.A.F.R., O. WINTHER and L.K. HANSEN, 2002. Mean-Field Approaches to Independent Component Analysis. Neural Computation. [Cited by 62] (10.05/year)
• HOYER, P. and A. HYV�RINEN, 2000. Independent component analysis applied to feature extraction from colour and stereo images. Network: Computation in Neural Systems. [Cited by 101] (12.37/year)
• HYVAERINEN, A. and E. OJA, 1997. One-unit Learning Rules for Independent Component Analysis. ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS. [Cited by 21] (1.88/year)
• HYVAERINEN, A., 1998. New Approximations of Differential Entropy for Independent Component Analysis and Projection Pursuit. ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS. [Cited by 143] (14.07/year)
• HYVARINEN, A. and E. OJA, 1997. A Fast Fixed-Point Algorithm for Independent Component Analysis. Neural Computation. [Cited by 1247] (111.67/year)
• HYVARINEN, A., 1998. Independent component analysis for time-dependent stochastic processes. Proc. Int. Conf. on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'98). [Cited by 40] (3.93/year)
• HYVARINEN, A., 1999. Survey on independent component analysis. Neural Computing Surveys. [Cited by 650] (70.91/year)
• HYVARINEN, A., 1999. Gaussian moments for noisy independent component analysis. Signal Processing Letters, IEEE. [Cited by 67] (7.31/year)
• HYVARINEN, A., J. KARHUNEN and E. OJA, 2000. Independent Component Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}. [Cited by 2992] (366.35/year)
• HYVARINEN, A., J. SARELA and R. VIGARIO, 1999. Spikes and bumps: Artefacts generated by independent component analysis with insufficient sample …. … International Workshop on Independent Component Analysis …. [Cited by 36] (3.93/year)
• HYVARINEN, A., P.O. HOYER and M. INKI, 2001. Topographic Independent Component Analysis. Neural Computation. [Cited by 157] (21.91/year)
• HYV�RINEN, A. and E. OJA, 1998. Independent component analysis by general nonlinear Hebbian-like learning rules. Signal Processing. [Cited by 120] (11.80/year)
• HYV�RINEN, A. and E. OJA, 2000. Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications. Neural Networks. [Cited by 1265] (154.89/year)
• HYV�RINEN, A. and P. PAJUNEN, 1999. Nonlinear independent component analysis: Existence and uniqueness results. Neural Networks. [Cited by 162] (17.67/year)
• HYV�RINEN, A., 1998. Independent component analysis in the presence of Gaussian noise by maximizing joint likelihood. Neurocomputing. [Cited by 72] (7.08/year)
• HYV�RINEN, A., 1999. The Fixed-Point Algorithm and Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Independent Component Analysis. Neural Processing Letters. [Cited by 71] (7.75/year)
• HYV�RINEN, A., J. KARHUNEN and E. OJA, York. Independent Component Analysis. 2001. John and Wiley, Ne. [Cited by 56] (?/year)
• HYV�RINEN, J., 2001. Karhunen and E. Oja, Independent Component Analysis. [Cited by 75] (10.46/year)
• IKEDA, S. and K. TOYAMA, 2000. Independent component analysis for noisy data�MEG data analysis. Neural Networks. [Cited by 59] (7.22/year)
• JAMES, C.J. and C.W. HESSE, 2005. Independent component analysis for biomedical signals. Physiological Measurement. [Cited by 54] (17.05/year)
• JUNG, T.P., et al., 2001. Imaging brain dynamics using independent component analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE. [Cited by 157] (21.91/year)
• JUNG, T.P., et al., Proc. Int. Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and …. Independent component analysis of biomedical signals. [Cited by 55] (?/year)
• JUTTEN, C. and J. HERAULT, 1988. Independent component analysis versus PCA. Proc. EUSIPCO. [Cited by 54] (2.68/year)
• JUTTEN, C. and J. HERAULT, 1988. Independent component analysis versus principal component analysis. Signal Processing IV: Theo. and Appl. Elsevier publishers. [Cited by 49] (2.43/year)
• KARHUNEN, J., 1996. Neural approaches to independent component analysis and source separation. Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Artificial …. [Cited by 110] (9.04/year)
• KARHUNEN, J., et al., 1997. A class of neural networks for independent component analysis. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. [Cited by 282] (25.25/year)
• KIVILUOTO, K. and E. OJA, 1998. Independent component analysis for parallel financial time series. Proc. ICONIP. [Cited by 49] (4.82/year)
• KOBAYASHI, K., et al., 1999. Isolation of epileptiform discharges from unaveraged EEG by independent component analysis. Clinical Neurophysiology. [Cited by 43] (4.69/year)
• LAPPALAINEN, H. and A. HONKELA, 2000. Bayesian nonlinear independent component analysis by multi-layer perceptrons. Advances in Independent Component Analysis. [Cited by 72] (8.82/year)
• LAPPALAINEN, H., 1999. Ensemble learning for independent component analysis. Proc. Int. Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and …. [Cited by 55] (6.00/year)
• LAPPALAINEN, H., 2000. Nonlinear independent component analysis using ensemble learning: Theory. Proc. ICA. [Cited by 54] (6.61/year)
• LEE, J.H., et al., 2000. Speech feature extraction using independent component analysis. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. ICASSP'00. …. [Cited by 52] (6.37/year)
• LEE, J.M., C.K. YOO and I.B. LEE, 2004. Statistical process monitoring with independent component analysis. Journal of Process Control. [Cited by 45] (10.80/year)
• LEE, S.I. and S. BATZOGLOU, 2003. Application of independent component analysis to microarrays. GENOME BIOLOGY. [Cited by 90] (17.42/year)
• LEE, T.W., 1998. Independent component analysis: theory and applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers Hingham, MA, USA. [Cited by 553] (54.39/year)
• LEE, T.W., et al., 2000. A unifying information-theoretic framework for independent component analysis. Computers and Mathematics with Applications. [Cited by 233] (28.53/year)
• LEE, T.W., M. GIROLAMI and T.J. SEJNOWSKI, 1999. Independent Component Analysis Using an Extended Infomax Algorithm for Mixed Subgaussian and …. Neural Computation. [Cited by 615] (67.09/year)
• LIEBERMEISTER, W., 2002. Linear modes of gene expression determined by independent component analysis. Bioinformatics. [Cited by 135] (21.89/year)
• LIU, C. and H. WECHSLER, 1999. Comparative Assessment of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for Face Recognition. International Conference on Audio and Video Based Biometric …. [Cited by 74] (8.07/year)
• LIU, C. and H. WECHSLER, 2003. Independent component analysis of Gabor features for face recognition. Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on. [Cited by 97] (18.77/year)
• MAINO, D., et al., 2002. All-sky astrophysical component separation with Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. [Cited by 87] (14.11/year)
• MAKEIG, S., et al., 1996. Independent Component Analysis of Electroencephalographic Data. ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS. [Cited by 374] (30.74/year)
• MCKEOWN, M.J. and T.J. SEJNOWSKI, 1998. Independent Component Analysis of fMRI Data: Examining the Assumptions. Human Brain Mapping. [Cited by 114] (11.21/year)
• MCKEOWN, M.J., 2000. … of Consistently Task-Related Activations in fMRI Data with Hybrid Independent Component Analysis. Neuroimage. [Cited by 73] (8.94/year)
• MCKEOWN, M.J., L.K. HANSEN and T.J. SEJNOWSK, 2003. Independent component analysis of functional MRI: what is signal and what is noise?. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. [Cited by 65] (12.58/year)
• MISKIN, J., 2000. Ensemble learning for independent component analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge. [Cited by 57] (6.98/year)
• MORITZ, C.H., et al., 2000. … MR Imaging Activation from a Finger-tapping Task Examined with Independent Component Analysis. American Journal of Neuroradiology. [Cited by 39] (4.78/year)
• OJA, E., 1997. The nonlinear PCA learning rule in independent component analysis. Neurocomputing. [Cited by 135] (12.09/year)
• PLUMBLEY, M., 2002. Conditions for nonnegative independent component analysis. Signal Processing Letters, IEEE. [Cited by 44] (7.13/year)
• PLUMBLEY, M.D., 2003. Algorithms for nonnegative independent component analysis. Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on. [Cited by 77] (14.90/year)
• ROBERTS, S. and R. EVERSON, 2001. Independent Component Analysis: Principles and Practice. Cambridge University Press New York, NY, USA. [Cited by 116] (16.19/year)
• ROBERTS, S.J., 1998. Independent component analysis: source assessment and separation, aBayesian approach. Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings-. [Cited by 46] (4.52/year)
• SARUWATARI, H., et al., 2003. Blind Source Separation Combining Independent Component Analysis and Beamforming. EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING. [Cited by 43] (8.32/year)
• SATO, W., et al., 2001. … visual processing of the face: ERP recording and its decomposition by independent component analysis …. NeuroReport. [Cited by 60] (8.37/year)
• SCHOLZ, M., et al., 2004. Metabolite fingerprinting: detecting biological features by independent component analysis - [PDF] ►ucdavis.edu. Bioinformatics. [Cited by 58] (13.92/year)
• STONE, J.V., 2002. Independent component analysis: an introduction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. [Cited by 76] (12.32/year)
• STONE, J.V., et al., 2002. Spatiotemporal Independent Component Analysis of Event-Related fMRI Data Using Skewed Probability …. Neuroimage. [Cited by 48] (7.78/year)
• TSUMURA, N., H. HANEISHI and Y. MIYAKE, 1999. Independent-component analysis of skin color image. Journal of the Optical Society of America A. [Cited by 51] (5.56/year)
• VAN, J.H., 1998. Independent component analysis of natural image sequences yields spatio-temporal filters similar to …. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. [Cited by 189] (18.59/year)
• VAN, V.G., et al., 2004. Functional Connectivity as Revealed by Spatial Independent Component Analysis of fMRI Measurements …. HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING. [Cited by 53] (12.72/year)
• VIGARIO, R., et al., 1998. Independent Component Analysis for Identification of Artifacts in Magnetoencephalographic Recordings. ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS. [Cited by 144] (14.16/year)
• VIG�RIO, R.N., 1997. Extraction of ocular artefacts from EEG using independent component analysis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. [Cited by 177] (15.85/year)
• WUBBELER, G., et al., 2000. Independent component analysis of noninvasively recorded corticalmagnetic DC-fields in humans. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on. [Cited by 43] (5.27/year)
• YUEN, P.C. and J.H. LAI, 2002. Face representation using independent component analysis. Pattern Recognition. [Cited by 71] (11.51/year)
• ZHUKOV, L., D. WEINSTEIN and C. JOHNSON, 2000. Independent component analysis for EEG source localization. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE. [Cited by 64] (7.84/year)